1. Will the Universe continue expanding forever?
The universe does not appear to contain enough dark matter to prevent it from expanding forever.
2. Is the expansion of the universe accelerating?
The measurements show that gravity is not slowing the expansion of the universe down at all. Instead, the expansion of the universe seems to be accelerating.
3. What discovery received the Physics Nobel Prize in 2011?
The published observations of Type 1a Supernovae by the High-z Supernova Search Team followed in 1999 by the Supernova Cosmology Project suggested the expansion of the universe is accelerating. The Nobel prize was awarded in this work.
4. Name the three scientists that received the prize?
Perlmutter, Schmidt, and Reiss received the prize.
5. Which standard candles were used to measure the acceleration of the universe?
Observations of white dwarf supernovae were used as standard candles.
6. What are the fractions of baryonic matter, dark matter, and dark energy?
71.3% of dark energy and 27.4% of a combination of dark matter and baryonic matter.
7. Describe 16.6 of the textbook.
Data from white dwarf supernovae are shown along with four possible models for the expansion of the universe. Each curve shows how the average distance between galaxies changes with time for a particuular model.
8. Which model fits best?
The supernova data firs the accelerating universe better than the other models.
9. According to this model, which is the age of the universe?
According to the model, the universe is 14 billion years for an accelerating universe.
10. Is there something opposing gravitational attraction in the universe as a whole?
Dark matter.
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