Wednesday, February 13, 2013

Ch: 3.1 - The Ancient Roots of Science

In what ways do all humans employ scientific thinking?
  • Scientific thinking is based on everyday ideas of observation and trial-&-error experiments!
How did astronomical observations benefit ancient societies?
  • in keeping track of time and seasons
    • for practical purposes, including agriculture
    • religious & ceremonial purposes
  • aiding navigation
    • ancient ppl of central Africa (6500 B.C.) could predict seasons from the orientation of the crescent moon
Object                                  English                                 French                                  Spanish
·         Sun                                       Sunday                                 dimanche                               domingo
·         Moon                                   Monday                                lundi                                       lunes
·         Mars                                    Tuesday                               mardi                                      martes
·        Mercury                               Wednesday                          mercredi                               miércoles
·         Jupiter                                 Thursday                              jeudi                                        jueves
·         Venus                                  Friday                                  vendredi                                  viernes
·         Satun                                   Saturday                              samedi                                    sábado

How did astronomical observations benefit ancient socieites?
  • daily time keeping
  • tracking the seasons & calendar
  • monitoring lunar cycles
  • monitoring planets & stars
  • predicting eclipses
  • navigational tools
  • elaborate structures for astronomical observations
Egyptian Obelisk: Shadows tell the time of day
England: Stonehenge (completed around 1550 B.C.)
Mexico: Model of the Templo Mayor
New Mexico: Anasazi Kiva aligned North - South
SW United States: "Sun Dagger" marks summer solstice
Scotland: 4000 - year - old stone circle; Moon rises as shown here every 18.6 years
Peru: Lines & Patterns, some aligned with stars
Machu Picchu, Peru: Structures aligned with solstices
South Pacific: Polynesians were very skilled in the art of celestial navigation
France: Cave paintings from 18,000 B.C. may suggest knowledge of lunar phases (29 dots)
China: Earliest known records of supernova explosions (1400 B.C.)

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