Direct Observation, astrometry, doppler shift, pulsar timing, gravitational microlensing and brightness variations.
How do extrasolar planets compare with planets in our solar system
Most of the detected planets have orbits smaller than Jupiter’s, and have a greater mass.
Do we need to modify our theory of solar system formation?
Nebular theory predicts that massive Jupiter-like planets should not form inside the frost line (at << 5 AU). The discovery of “hot Jupiters” has forced a reexamination of nebular theory.
What is a Hot Jupiter?
Massive planets that orbit very close to their stars.
Do extrasolar systems have a frost line?
Yes.
Define the frost line
The distance from a star where it is cool enough for hydrogen compounds to solidify.
On which side of the frost line is Earth?
The Earth lies less than a quarter of the distance to the frost line.
On which side of the frost line is Jupiter?
In between Jupiter and Mars' orbits.
What is a meteorite?
An asteroid or comet that has reached earth from outer space.
What hit Russia last Friday, February 15, 2013?
A meteorite.
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