Outgassing
Volcanism
also a release gas from earth’s interior onto the atmosphere.
Convection of the mantle creates stresses in the crust
called tectonic forces.
Compression forces make mountain ranges.
A valley can form where the crust is pulled apart.
Erosion is a blanket term for weather driven processes
that break down or transport rock.
Processes that cause erosion include
Glaciers
Rivers
Wind
Erosion can create new features by depositing debris.
Effects of atmosphere on earth
Erosion
Radiation
protection:
All
x-ray light is absorbed very high in the atmosphere.
Ultraviolet
light is absorbed by ozone.
Earth’s
atmosphere absorbs light at most wavelengths.
Greenhouse
effect
Any
gas that absorbs infrared
Greenhouse
gas- molecules with two different types of elements
Not
a greenhouse gas- molecules with one or two atoms of the same element.
Because
of the greenhouse effect, earth is much warmer.
Makes
the sky blue!
Atmosphere
scatters blue light from the sun, making it appear to come from different
directions
Sunsets
are red because less of the red light from the sun is scattered.
Tectonics
Long cliffs
indicate that Mercury shrank early in its history.
Mars versus Earth
50
percent earth’s radius, 10 percent Earth’s mass
1.5
AU from the sun
Axis tilt
about the same as earth
Similar
rotation period
Thin CO2
atmosphere: little greenhouse
Main difference:
mars is SMALLER
Seasons on mars are more extreme in the southern hemisphere
because of its elliptical orbit.
Seasonal winds on Mars can drive huge dust storms
The surface of Mars appears to have ancient riverbeds
Magnetic field may have preserved early Martian
atmosphere.
Solar wind may have stripped atmosphere after field
decreased because of interior cooling.
Cratering on Venus
Impact
craters but fewer than the moon, mercury, and mars.
Many volcanoes
Fractured
and contorted surface indicates tectonic stresses.
Most of earths major geological features can be
attributed to plate tectonics, which gradually remakes earths surfaces.
Venus does not appear to have plate tectonics.
Venus is so hot because of a runaway greenhouse
effect.
Venus has a very thick carbon dioxide atmosphere with
a surface pressure 90 times that of earth.
Thick carbon dioxide atmosphere produces an extremely
strong greenhouse effect.
Reflective clouds contain droplets of sulfuric acid.
The runaway greenhouse effect would account for why Venus
has little water.
Idea of continental drift was inspired by puzzle like
fit of continents.
Mantle material erupts where seafloor spreads.
Changes in earth’s axis tilt might lead to ice ages.
Widespread ice tends to lower global temps by
increasing earths reflectivity.
Human activity is driving many other species to
extinction.
Human use of fossil fuels produces greenhouse gases
that lead to global warming.
Located at an optimal distance from the sun for liquid
water to exist.
1 comment:
Good.
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