By using the relationship between mass and orbits from stars in binary systems.
What are giants, supergiants, and white dwarfs?
They are all stars, white dwarfs are the smallest, giants are larger than main sequence and super giants are the largest.
What are the two types of star clusters?
Globular clusters and open clusters.
How do we measure the age of a star cluster?
By plotting the stars on an HR diagram and seeing where the main sequence ends.
Do we know any star cluster 14 billion years old, or older?
No.
Which star has a longer life, small mass star, or big mass star?
Smaller mass = longer life.
Which star is hotter, small mass star, or big mass star?
Big mass is hotter.
Which star is bluer, small mass star, or big mass star?
Big mass is bluer.
Which star is closer, the Sun, or Proxima Centaurus?
The Sun.
What is the age of the Universe?
About 14 billion years old.
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